Abdominal or central obesity are characterized with excessive body fat in waist circumference1. The prevalence of visceral fat that accumulates around abdominal organs is increasing worldwide23. Visceral fat cells have an crucial impact on overall health and well-being.

Gene-based association studies suggest a strong correlation between genes and abdominal fat4. Heredity and genetic variants and hormones abnormalities can affect abdominal fat5.

Inappropriate diets such as high-calorie foods are other main influential risk factors for increasing abdominal obesity. High-sugar foods such as sweets, cakes, biscuits, pizza and chips can dramatically enhance intra-abdominal fat cells6. Cigarette smoking habits and alcohol intakes also seem to increase central adiposity with an adverse health consequences7.

Moreover, sedentary life - style such as sitting for long hours (i.e. low physical job demand) develops the abdominal adipose that intensifies central obesity over time. Sedentary individuals burn fewer calories than active individuals per day in terms of daily energy expenditure which leads to the belly fat accumulation in long-terms. Overall central body fat owing to prolong inactive life–style pattern can cause sitting diseases8.

In accordance to this, abdominal adiposity alters normal lipid metabolism at which reduces the low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (or good cholesterol) levels and raises the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (or bad cholesterol) levels  in body. Abdominal obesity also increases blood sugar, triglycerides that is assumed to be the predominant risk factors for metabolic syndrome9. Indeed , visceral adiposity is closely linked to the insulin resistance, which can lead to the glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals1011. Excessive central body fat has an important role in coronary artery disease such as hypertension (high-blood pressure) and atherosclerosis1213. Furthermore, central body fatness is a strong predictors for different cancers incidence among obese and overweight populations14. With regards to this, growing evidence shows that prenominal abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of lifetime disability and greater reduction in life expectancy in part for male individuals1516.

Therefore, the prevention and treatment of abdominal obesity is urgently required. The key health strategies for preventing and managing the abdominal obesity are minimizing over-eating and increasing physical activity levels in daily life17. In regards to this, behavioural consultation to promote a healthy diet and physical activity account for very useful therapeutic strategy to reduce the abdominal obesity for individual with central obesity.