Abstract
Bangladesh many older people spend their life in not only the unwell health but also in poverty which is major risk for the elderly population. This is especially true for older women, who suffer from various difficulties ensuing from prejudices to gender, widowhood and old age. Climate migrants start living in urban slums are in search of better and secure life. But urban slums located mostly in low lying environmentally hazardous area coupled with inadequate facilities like food, shelter, sanitation, health care make their life even worse. Older Women are the vulnerable groups in society in terms of climate change, movement; haphazard growth and unhealthy environment are the target group for this research. This study represents the nature and extent of elderly abuse of climate migrant urban poor women slum dwellers in Dhaka city in Bangladesh context. Besides, this paper also observe the socio-economic status of the study respondents and try to find out the self-stated reasons of elderly abuse. This study conducted both quantitative and qualitative types study on two slums of Dhaka with purposive sample survey, KII and in depth qualitative interview of selected climate migrant slum dwellers while purposive sample size of 50. Decreasing in earning capacity, inability and economic dependency, health hazard, maladjustment, changing social values have a separate role in the connection of older abuse. Planned migration, awareness program implantations against elderly abuse and secured socioeconomic factors are suggested through this paper to lessen exposure to further neglecting of elderly climate migrant women in urban slums.
Author Contributions
Copyright© 2020
Amjad Karisma.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Competing interests The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Funding Interests:
Citation:
Introduction
As population ageing and gender differentials have become prominent issues in recent times, it is being argued that the interest in gender often focuses on inequalities that disadvantage women, while much of ageing research focuses on the economic and social vulnerability of older persons · To observe the socio-economic status of the study respondents. · To explore the nature and extend of elderly women abuse. · To find out the self-stated reasons of elderly women abuse. This study represents the measurement of mental stress status of climate migrant urban poor women slum dwellers in Dhaka city in Bangladesh context. Furthermore, these are some Rational which cannot ignore: · This study will be more useful for academic purpose in worldwide. · This research will be helpful for taking preventive measurement against climate migrant elderly women abuse and neglect. · This study will be helpful for any of the family member to safeguard their older women from abuse and neglect. The policy makers of Bangladesh may be benefited from this study for developing policy against abuse and neglect among climate migrant older women. Many national and international researches have been conducted on elderly abuse and neglect. Recently, a few studies have examined issues, factors and consequences of the elderly abuse and neglect using empirical evidence based on living arrangements and health status. In a study in 2010 examined about the socio-economic backdrops, living arrangements, health status and abuse of the women aged 60 years and older in the rural Naogaon district of Bangladesh are examined. The data were collected from seven villages by using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling and the results show that an overwhelming majority of the elderly women in the age group 60-69 years who are widowed, illiterate, have no education and income, economically dependent, living with married children, unhealthy, suffer from arthritis related illness and are taking treatment from village doctors. Furthermore, the study shows that, nearly 35 percent elderly women are abused, mostly mentally abused due to poverty. Logistic regression analysis reveals the determinants of living arrangements, health status and abuse of the elderly women In another study in 2017 represented to collect qualitative facts concerning the nature of elder abuse and neglect in Bangladesh and to find out the causes and impacts of this malpractice. The study categorized older people into ten broader classes and selected four old persons purposively under each category for an in-depth case study. In addition, Focus Group Discussion, Key Informants Interview and observational methods were also used to draw supplementary data. The results show that all old persons interviewed, irrespective of socio-economic status, came up against varying degrees of abuse and neglect by their families, relatives and communities that resulted in their physical ill-health and mental distress. Financial and physical abuses were found more frequent among poor and weaker sections, whereas psychological abuse appeared as severe among those belonging to the middle and affluent classes. Families having strong religious practices and a long tradition of taking care of the elderly were less subjected to elder mistreatment. As is revealed, along with various other factors, degradation of moral and religious values, new family structure and the lower socio-economic status of old people were associated with the maltreatment they faced. Socio-economic insecurity and a poor institutional mechanism for old persons cause a higher incidence of elder abuse and neglect in Bangladesh, which calls for immediate action from all levels. Key words: ageing, elder abuse, Bangladesh, aged The Book Abuse of the elderly in Chapter 5 revealed that background the abuse of older people by family members, definition of elder abuse, the threat of violence in the United Republic of Tanzania, the extended of the problem, the risk factors for elder abuse, the consequences of elder abuse, and prevention of elder abuse An additional study in 2010 based on the data collected from 7 villages of rural areas under Naogaon district, about 36 km away from Rajshahi divisional town of Bangladesh. From all the unions of the Thana, a Union (9 Number Tintulia Union Parishad) was randomly selected and from this union 7 villages were selected by using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. All the elderly (743 elderly) persons aged 60+ years were interviewed during September 6 to September 16, 2007. The data were edited, compiled, computerized and processed by using SPSS 10.5 program. Among the elderly women group is the most likely victims of abuse. The study also brought to light that illiteracy, unhealthy physical condition, utmost economic dependence of the already poverty-stricken family makes the elderly susceptible to elder neglect and abuse. The overall findings seems to suggest close relationship of abuse of the elderly with their socio-economic and educational background and this piece of information needs to be scientifically utilized in developing suitable programs addressing the elderly of the developing countries as well as Bangladesh Most of the writers give importance on factors, issues and consequences behind elderly abuse and neglect and show how the problems affected the lives of the people of world and Bangladesh. Bangladeshi writers did not mention the climate change and migration also have some linkage between elderly women abuse and neglect in slum areas. Thus there is a research gap and as such this study has been planned. For this perspective, this paper study only climate migrant elderly women abuse and neglect in slum areas in Dhaka city to consider for up gradation and advancement of living.
Discussion
Disaster happened before long days in their life but effects of its coexistence with life still now in old age. Because of lower classes, they are unable to take various preventive measures before disaster. They try to survive how long they can stay their home land. When they are unable to live on, they start being migrated towards the city. In this article researcher have defined elderly abuse as harm effected to an older person by someone in a position of trust who may have control over the victim. This includes physical abuse, mental and psychological abuse and economic abuse. Physical abuse occurs in the form of hitting, pushing, slapping and tie up, sores, fractures, painful burns, sprains cuts. Mental abuse include repeated and constant use of threat, embarrassment, caution and any other form of mental unkindness leading to physical, bad mental heartbreak (treating the elderly like a child, censure threatening, violence and isolation leading to fare, depression, sleeplessness and anorexia). Economic abuse occurs in the form of failure food, shelter, clothing, medical care, and personal care leading to malnutrition, depression confusion and life threatening health harms. The elderly climate migrant women stated that abuse and neglect increase because of family disorganization and financial crisis. Actually elderly women have no power and have no contribution for they family also another important reasones for abuse and neglect. Elderly people are having an increasing threat for diseases and illness due to proper diet with nutritious food. Children and relatives of elderly women do not want to spend their money for healthy food or any kind of health care service like dental or eye care cost because of financial problem and take them as a burden, they think the excessive expenditure and waste of time. Aa a result the respondents become frustrated and their health is damaged day by day.