In order to assess occupational hazards, the estimation of the quantitative and qualitative features of risk in the work environment and the purpose of this work is to reduce accidents and occupational diseases. Following the identification of the risks involved in the workplace, the risk assessment begins, which includes the following steps. Some of the workers are at greater risk, including:

(a)Young workers, new workers, apprentices, students  b - cleaner workers, clients, contractors, maintenance workers and generally people who are not constantly in the workplace are subject to more accidents because of their perceptions of the workplace and its risks.

At this stage, we should consider how any risk may cause injury. This will make it clear to us whether to take more radical measures to mitigate the risk. We also need to determine how far the risks remain after the precautions are taken.

Training: Observing safety and the overall HSE requirements at the level of projects, whether developed or industrialized by a culture, and until a person reaches cultural growth, it will be very difficult to achieve this goal. For a culture-oriented culture, first, education should be included in the programs, and then this culture is injected into different classes in the form of beliefs and principles. Given the importance of training in the HSE culture, it is necessary to provide training at the level of project managers, workshop supervisors and HSE project managers. After training key personnel and realizing the organization's goals for creating a HSE culture at senior management levels, training all staff can also be done after these individuals at the project level. By publishing educational pamphlets in the form of instructions, checklist, videos and educational clips, the HSE position is strengthened and, ultimately, by monitoring the supervisors, it can be institutionalized 8910. In this research, development projects were considered, which included the construction of tunnels, highways, bridges and underpasses. There are various activities in terms of safety, health and environment in these projects that are mentioned below:

The commencement of construction work will be carried out only after the construction permit is issued, which includes installing and installing structural members, concrete structures and other measures, as detailed in the 12th National Building Code1112. Meanwhile, the owner, owners and stakeholders as well as contractors and mass makers are required to take the following actions in order to maintain and ensure public safety: it is obvious that in order to prevent accidents, without organizing and organizing necessary action, there is no need for a dramatic action, and any proper organizing will require investigation and research for appropriate planning. therefore, one of the most important steps in planning prevention is investigating accidents and incidents. Research and accident prevention shows that part of the preparation programs for dealing with accidents and incidents, having adequate knowledge and information about the circumstances of the emergence of accidents and the ways of dealing with them. Awareness and lessons of the consequences of bitter events should lead to proper response in order to eliminate them. If action is not taken to prevent future accidents of the future, incidents involving a poor physical and material loss are observed to be insignificant, so immediately after each incident, the immediate attention has to be taken into consideration, and in order to provide solutions and prevent the occurrence of the event. In general, four basic axes in prevention and care of accidents are considered:

Causal studies on the causes of accidents and accidents indicate that the concept of events for most people is something god called for, random and inevitable, while different scientific studies have shown that the distribution of events is based on the characteristics of time, place and person and is totally predictable. Therefore, it is important to establish a desired attitude and proper behavior to prevent accidents in an important safety culture. In other words, the training of the standards and principles of safety should be an integral part of the country's culture and education. The creation of a safety culture in society must be supported by the necessary training. It should be given to them at the age of educating children to help develop their own beliefs and practices. The educational system is the broadest channel for the publication of health knowledge, including education for prevention, as in our community there are more than 1 / 4 of the population. it should be noted that the necessity of implementing education prevention training in schools is one of the vital keys to achieving the maximum capability and ability of individualآ in the development of the country's future.

In this regard, appropriate organizing such as prevention of worn cars, traffic monitoring and traffic regulations, city co - operation and traffic safety regulations, control of transportation and transportation services in schools and summer camps is a second solution in the shadow of the development of inter - sectoral cooperation.

In design and building of buildings and producing machines and working tools and creating a healthy and academic environment, reforming the school's brigade with regard to the school of health is highly recommended. At the establishment of schools such as the site, the area of the school land, the number of building floors, the number of floors, health services and sanitation and sanitation, the presence of anti - fire extinguishers, and the presence of emergency shelters, the existence of anti - fire extinguishers, and sanitation standards, is the most essential principle of school preparation for the education of children of the community.

Teaching safety principles in student curricula, at different levels of education.

Training the basics of safety and first aid in opportunities possible in film, story, drama, through mass media and a group at home and school.

Teaching safety principles to parents and student parents.

The necessity of performing the prevention of accidents for children and adolescents in the country is one of the key process of social development process. Schools, as the most important resources of social and economic development, should take advantage of the participation of organizations and institutions and people on the protection of children's health, prevention and control of events, and taking care of the ways to improve the quality of education in the country over the past and consider it as a religious and social responsibility. in general, one of the important principles in preventing accidents in students is the subject of recognition of the underlying factors. parents, officials and health experts, by identifying and analyzing these factors, can inform their children and students about the various environmental issues, the quality of communication and the proper enjoyment of the environment, the risks associated with their surrounding factors and how to deal with them. It should be the way in which to develop the sense of trust among the students and not to create fear and concern, the necessity of paying attention to respect for the exercise of their work in their minds. Because the only recognition is to build a student's belief and acceptance of the various issues of life that can pursue potential growth of his forces, and prepare him for a healthy living for his future and his community.1314. Construction operations must be planned and implemented in such a way that the potential risks arising from it, inside or outside the workplace, can be prevented as soon as possible. In the event of a risk of life, the employer is obligated to immediately stop work and remove workers from the location of the incident. The employer must ensure that any work-related incident occurs during normal or daily work hours at the workshop as soon as possible and before the related signs and symptoms have been eliminated to the relevant units in the Ministry of Health and Social Work Notify the location1516. Studies and studies on various factors in the workplace as well as research in different fields of technical, statistical, psychiatric, etc., are very helpful in reducing or preventing accidents and diseases resulting from work as well as reducing harmful factors in the workplace and can play an important role in improving the working conditions and environment of workers. Among the factors investigated can be referred to in the context of cases relating to work or machinery, physical and physiological features associated with tools and workers, social - psychological factors, environmental conditions, etc. 1718. In order to create safety culture in the workplace, holding training courses is a necessary prelude to which training will have a great impact on reducing accidents caused by the work. There are usually two types of training in work environments, including training training for novice and longer - term training or service training, which is better organized in regular intervals and at certain intervals. During these training courses, workers are familiar with the occupational hazards in the workplace, procedures, and safety regulations pertaining to their work, and the principles and work of work (work standards).